Biertan
Biertan is one of the first German settlements in Transylvania
placed between the two "Seats" (Medias and Seica) in
the Andreean Diploma from 1224.
The first attestation of its name has been certified since 1283,
in a document about the taxes demanded by the Catholic Capital
from Alba Iulia to the Catholic priests from the Transylvanian
Saxon communities. As any other Transylvanian Saxon Community,
it had an urban organization; being noticed the franconic style
of the rows of houses around the central square overlooked by
a grandiose fortress-church.
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The
ecclesiastic and defense complex was built in 15th-16th centuries
in the late Gothic style, with specific Renaissance elements.
For 300 years Biertan was chosen as the residence of the Evangelic
Diocese (1572-1867). The main edifice of the ensemble is a hall-church
with three naves, with arches disposed in a network, built between
1492 - 1516 on the place of another old church, in the late Gothic
style, with elements from the Renaissance architecture at some
portals.
Inside the church the late Gothic shrine,
in the form of a triptych was realized in more stages between
1515-1524. The pews are made between 1514-1523 by Reychmut from
Sighisoara and are ones of the most valuable pews of this kind
from Transylvania. Unique in its way the door of the vestry built
in 1515, is remarkable for its blocking system. As a result of
the earthquake in 1977, restoration and consolidation works of
the arches were done.
This historic monument, an architectural masterpiece, is illustrative
for the entire area, which was colonized by the Saxons of Transylvania.
Out of a total of almost 300 fortified churches built between
the 15th and 16th centuries, the church from Biertan preserved
very well its previous aspect. This edifice is placed high on
a hillock right in the center of the village, in the center of
the transverse valleys boarded by vineyards, maize cultures and
forests.
The Church, hall type, with three naves, from the period of late
Gothic was built in 1500-1516, the chancel of the pre-existent
edifice being heightened with a fortified level. The inner wall,
from the same period, was fortified during the 16th century with
8 towers, being unfolded in a spiral form, like a three-towered
belt around the hill.
Another church occupied the same place before. It can still be
observed the frescos from the beginning of the 16th century on
the Southern tower of the inner wall as well as the tombstones
of the Saxon bishops in the Mausoleum tower. |